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"proxy" refers to a proxy server "proxy" is a reference to a proxy or proxy server. It is an application that acts acting as a mediator between server and client via the internet. Without the proxy, a user would make a request to any resource straight to the server, and it would serve the requested resource directly back to the user. It is easy to understand and implement, adding proxies provides advantages that include improved security, performance, privacy as well as many other benefits. As a layer of pass-through, proxy services act as a gatekeeper on the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combination of hardware used by servers and the software that is installed to make proxy connections is often called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually described as software, as well as those that are used in conjunction with web servers. This article will give an explanation of the two major kinds, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own terminology that could be confusing because of the overlap in terminology.




This article will provide an understanding of nature of proxies and their subtypes and their importance in typical setups. If you go through this article, you'll be able recognize scenarios where an effective proxy is useful, and choose the most suitable choice between forward and reverse proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy, also referred to as or an open proxy is an agent of a user who is trying to send an online request to a source server. In this scenario, every request made by the user will be sent through this forward proxy. In this situation, the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will examine the request. In the beginning it will determine if the client is authorized to make requests to this particular forward proxy. Then, it can either reject requests or redirect them to their source server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet and has access only to what the forward proxy allows for it to join.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxies is for more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy connects to the internet on behalf of an individual client, and during this manner it can make use of an IP address different from the IP of the client.




Depending on the method by which it's set up the forward proxy may perform a variety of functions as well as the capability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security as well as access granted on a permission basis, like at work. When all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to allow only a handful of clients connection to internet which is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls for this layer that could be utilized by multiple computers with various configurations and users and environments the firewall can be added to the forward proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxy servers must be manually configured before they are able to be used and reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Depending on whether an IP address from the user has been sent to the origin server by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a myriad of choices to consider for forward proxies.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy utilizing an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't have the full Web server platform. You can check out our article on the best method of installing Squid proxy for private connections for Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also research how to configure Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an agent for a web server and manages requests received from clients on behalf of the server. The web server could function as a single server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it can comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request might originate from a user on the internet. Typically, the request will be sent directly to the web server which holds the information that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating the server from direct communication with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the user, working using reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting via direct connection to an internet server. It's the same, however the client doesn't see the difference. The client requests an item and receives it without additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


The routing of traffic inbound is according to rules that you set up.


Additional features to cache data.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer that is on the webserver and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on sustaining firewalls on the server level which could comprise several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of dealing with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients off web servers allows firewalls to focus on supplying services.




In the event of multiple servers operating in a reverse proxy the reverse proxy could also be responsible for directing what requests go towards which servers. Multiple web servers might be running from the same host, each providing different types of resources or a mixture of the two. The servers employ the HTTP protocol to function as a normal web server. They can also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that directs the clients to specific servers based on the requested resource or to comply with certain guidelines regarding the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to make use of their positioning before web servers through caching functions. Massive static resources can be set up with caching policy to prevent hitting web servers every request. Certain solutions that allow you to serve static content without needing to connect to the web server in any way. Additionally reverse proxy is capable of handling compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy service, this Apache webserver also has reverse proxy capabilities, and can be a second option for Apache and Nginx was initially designed for and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy can manage requests as well as respond. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to think about the requirements of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy is helpful when you are developing an application that can serve web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction on the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is used before customers for your personal use or even in a professional setting. They are your client's representative in all interactions via the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions will assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain what is a "proxy" is and the two types that are the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios for use and a look at beneficial characteristics were used to define different types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're looking for ways to make proxies work, read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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